My quick 2c worth.
Conventional SLR:
Relatively inexpensive but costly, ongoing film and develop/print costs. Still good for deep sky objects (DSOs) and wide field shots but you don’t get to see your mistakes until it’s too late – after the film has been developed and printed. Superseded by webcams (LPI, ToUcam, Neximage) for Planets and Moon.
Digital SLR:
Expensive. In the hands of a master, such as the late Erwin – simply fantastic. Great for DSOs and for immediate gratification and checking of e.g. focusing errors, composition, etc. Require a fair amount of image processing expertise to get the best results. Really demands a very good mount, polar alignment and auto-guiding to get the best results.
Modified webcam:
Inexpensive. Never used one, but used a non-modified LPI and ToUcam which provide really stunning images of the Moon and Planets. Relatively straightforward to use compared to the other sensors.
Dedicated CCD astrophotography cam:
Very expensive. Generally only B&W unless you use a colour filter wheel or single shot colour ccd. A bit of a learning curve but produces wonderful DSO images. Really demands a very good mount, polar alignment and auto-guiding to get the best results.
Great books:
Astrophotography for the Amateur
http://www.covingtoninnovations.com/astromenu.html
Introduction to Digital Astrophotography
http://www.robertreeves.com/
Cheers
Dennis