I am probably the least qualified to give any tips.
Saw an image similar to yours and the advice given was it's too bright, try a filter. Sound logical to me I guess.
I took a picture of the moon yesterday afternoon and it came out okay.
Try a daytime picture and see how it goes.
EDIT: Looking at the image again, there is more detail nearest to the shadow and nothing anywhere else.
Maybe it is too bright and you need a moon filter.
But like I said, I am not qualified in any way.
Nice first go.
But you do need to drop your exposure time and iso down.
Start with ISO100 and 1/200th of a second. Play around with times and your F stop.
Oh, and use your cameras in built timer, set it to 2 seconds, that way you won't accidently shake the camera when you press the button.