yes, especially if you are using a usb device powered from the port (ie that doesnt use a seperate power cable) as many usb ports don't reliably provide a solid 5V and this drops if you are connecting more devices/hubs and can drop with cable length too. so if enough juice isn't reaching your usb device it can overstress or fail to work reliably/optimally.
Even good quality usb cables are cheap so just use the length you need. Too short can damage the connectors in the ports/devices and be a hazard in the dark. As long as the connectors make a firm mating and the cables are not stretched try to just use lengths you need and you should be fine.