great sketches! I find using the pencil leaning close to the paper, hence avoiding using the very tip, works very well for smudging in diffuse objects. I use my finger to smudge the object, this works well for getting rid of pencil lines (make sure you don't make any "hard" pencil marks/lines - use light strokes) and you can use a rubber to get rid of any unwanted smudges that may appear outside of the desired area ( which will happen with the finger smudging technique..use your pinky to minimize this

) - and to refine the shape of the object.
You can get these mouldable "putty" erasers from an art supply shop, which you can mould into any shape and will definately help you create variations of brightness in the object your sketching as you can mould fine tips etc. I haven't used these but really should.
btw, sweet catch those PGCs!
PGC 30939 = ANON 1027-35B
Mag B = 16.0 , SB = 14.1 , Size = 30x26"
PGC 30905 = ESO 375-G041
Mag B = 14.6 , SB = 13.8 , Size = 105x21"
Well done! These would challenge even Rob's Tasco