DoF is depth of field.
Smaller aperture (larger f/-ratio) means large depth of field == more of the field is in focus.
Larger aperture (smaller f/-ratio) means small depth of field == less of the field is in focus.
With some lenses, such as my 50mm f/1.2L, the depth of field is razor thin, and, focus has to be absolutely critical. See, for example:
http://users.tpg.com.au/octane2/_MG_0335.JPG
Whereas, all my terrestrial landscape work is shot between f/11-f/22 to obtain the maximum depth of field (more things in focus).
Regards,
Humayun