The reason for the cable being so long is so as to get the outward end equal to geo-stationary orbit. That way, only a small mass would be able to keep the tube at the correct tension - ie mass pulling outwards balances restraining force on the anchor at ground level.

Simple eh???
If tube was any shorter, then too much energy would be needed to keep it in the low orbit and constant rockets would be needed - like with the ISS - it is contunually losing height and has to be boosted back into correct orbit.


In the book Red Mars, they strapped cable cars to the outside of the 9 metre tube and these went whizzing up and down - the trip took a few days in the book. The cable cars could be about 10 metres wide (circumference of 9 metres tube is over 27 metres) and many thick, so a nice cozy hotel set up could be maintained. Some going up, some going down..... The mind boggles