I use matlab at work a lot, and for fast evaluation of crazy ideas in signal processing and just about any other computational problem it's hard to beat. However, I'd honestly recommend pixinsight for ap instead as it is dedicated to it.
If you want to start trying out some new decon or noise reduction ideas it's easy enough to bring an image into matlab, but I guarantee you'll get better results if you take it back into Pixinsight afterwards!
Most of the things I have played with in matlab should be done in linear data space, and I don't think there's any toolboxes already developed in matlab for stretching images that are quite as convenient as either Pi or photoshop.
If you do start fiddling in matlab you should definitely report your experiences here.
Cheers,
Andrew.
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