Quote:
Originally Posted by xelasnave
I suggest via the flow of particles all over offers an "external" influence which on large scales may not be subject to an inverse square rule.
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Gravitation works on the inverse square rule. M31 is just influenced on multiple large gravitational sources pulling in different directions. I.e. Forming the independent motions as well! As for other 'unknown' forces, well they are not "gravitation" per se but could be seemingly that way by other invariant different and independently acting forces. Gravitation acts inverse square rule, only the other forces may not!
So I agree with you!