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Einstein pretty much proved that Newtons laws of gravity weren't wholly accurate. For the planets they're mostly OK, but not totally accurate. Einsteins theories have been proven many times to be on the money. Gravitational lensing exists, and initial experiments have shown that time/space does curve. There's a probe due to go up in the next few years that sets out to prove time/space curvature beyond a doubt.
Black holes were first semi described by a astronomer a few hundred years ago - very loosely formulated in rough principle. I'm trying to find the guys name, but it's eluding me at the moment.
I really do recommend reading that book I linked to in an earlier post, it's a very good read.
Dave
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