Nice one Alex. I love these experiments!
I'm still scrounging for a clue but this is what has helped me so far:
The HARD cull. I'm mean to them now (they seem to like it) rather than treasuring them. At 30 secs it so much easier
Change one thing at a time. No! Ah! Not that either, no. Just one

Have numerically controlled output/processing so you have an objective measuring system - as long as you get a useable image for comparison everything else doesn't matter. We're not making pretty pix we're calibrating you/your process, and you're the judge so that can be challenging when the answer is "unflattering".
A PI processes that could be "one clicked" or "numerically set" - so everything is the same
eg
background neutralisation
colour calibration
ezDenoise (don't need it really for this exercise)
ezSoft Stretch
then compare.
For me when I get artefacts they appear over the whole/most of the image, so not that I think.
Man that colour. You're tryin to tempt to the dark side - I can feel it.
I love the detail you are getting on the iris - love it.
There are definitely many more galaxies in the background than I see in mine, heaps! But don't worry - a quick star reduction will get rid of them