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The ADC actually doesn’t matter that much as what’s more important is the dynamic range of the camera. Take the KAF-8300 sensor, it has about 11.3 stops of dynamic range and a 16-bit output. Given that it has less than 12 stops it doesn’t matter if it’s 12-bit or 16-bit.
Converting from 14-bit to 16-bit involves a 4x multiplication. Let’s say you have a well depth of 65,000 and a pixel fills to 48,618. You’re working with a gain of 0.252e/ADU. This correlated to a value of 12,251.736 or 12,252 ADU. It’s then multiplied 4x to get to the 16-bit values used in a FITS file and 48,607 ADU. So, there is a little absolute inaccuracy introduced from all of the converting but that all gets averaged out over multiple exposures.
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