[Wavytone]

Sorry, must have had a blonde moment LOL...

Well... here's one way to do it, good enough to try, if you have a zoom camera.

Start with a good quality gloss print of the fully eclipsed moon complete with starry background, pinned flat at the end of a long hallway (or similar), and a camera on tripod at the other end. Zoom the camera in on the moon so it sees just moon and stars (and not your hallway).

Note this assumes the background in the photo is really good dense black, and the reason to use gloss is to reflect light away but not into your camera whereas matte won't appear such a dense black.

You could edit the shot to add a few stars (throw in the Pleiades for good measure); the example linked below would do nicely.

Set up a lamp (your "sun") behind the camera, ideally a frosted incandescent bulb rather than a pinpoint (quartz-halogen) source as you want soft shadows, not a harsh edge. If you want to make this realistic, your "sun" should subtend 0.5 degree as seen from the moon (do the math to figure out how far that means for a light bulb).

As you suggest, use a circular disk of paper (a garbage bin lid is larger than you need and unnecessarily heavy) halfway between the lamp and the print of the moon to produce a diffuse shadow mimicking the earths shadow. The illuminated part is effectively the penumbra, the shadow the umbra. A rough guess suggests the disk will need to be 1.5 - 1.7X the diameter of the moon as it appears on the print, to give a realistically curved penumbra. Move the disk closer to the lamp to soften the edge of the shadow.

With some experimentation I would expect you could take a photo showing stars and a partially "eclipsed" moon.