Wecome Jninness!
Click on the links to threads at the bottom of the page. They will have posts that would be repeated in replies to your query here.
As for Saturn's rings, you can see them in a modest pair of tripod mounted binoculars at a magnification of 10-15x. I can easily see them in my 60mm refractor. I don't know what the minimum aperture would be, but it's an easy target, you can see it in just about any telescope.
What's your budget?
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