It is far more daunting than even this simple example. A search for optical illusions would give you far more examples.
Jack Pettigrew is analysing this with scientific rigour. His site is here.
http://www.uq.edu.au/nuq/jack/jack.html
Have a look here first for a few 'illusions'.
http://www.uq.edu.au/nuq/jack/rivalry.html
We have evolved as creatures that had to make split second decisions for our survival. It does not matter if the predator was brown or green as long as you saw it in time to not get eaten.
Synthesis is an obvious proof where the sensory inputs are completely misinterpreted. Vincent Van Gogh had this gift or affliction.
The illusion I find the scariest of all is that people think that the stock exchange and 'managed investments' are real. They are not. It is one big Ponzi scheme to enrich the insiders.
Another area of interest is the so called psychics that use cold reading and other standard methodology to part you from your money. Organised religions fall into this same category.
Bert