Hi Colin,
I briefly skipped over the gist of the articles. They both sound a bit right. I do not know the science of how the eye works so I can't comment as too their factual details. I can say anecdotally as a seafarer who has had to do many watches (8-12, 12-4 & 4-8) over the years that red is my preferred colour - most ships use it for their night lighting within the bridge, in my experience it does not effect your night vision as badly as green - and certainly both are better than white light. I say this with the clarification that light intensity is probably the most important factor in maintaining night vision - more so than colour.
An example: when moving in from the navigation console on the bridge to plot positions at the chart table you must move from a position where it is pitch black (especially when you are in the middle of an ocean) to a position where there is enough light to see a chart. The brighter the light, or more correctly the greater the intensity, the greater the detrimental effect on night vision no matter what the colour.
I find that red led is the best for me, there seems to be a certain glare to green/blue that I find effects my night vision.
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