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To prevent a surge going into the system from a faulty device you could put a power diode in series (Anode to the +12, Cathode to the output) with the power line. With a diode you will have a voltage drop of around 0.8V which shouldn't really be an issue. This along with a fuse on each line is the simplest protection method.
Other ways are by using zener diodes to clamp surges and MOV (varistors) to shunt excessive voltages but these can be a bit more involved to get working simply.
HTH
Simon
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