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"Evolving from observation".... hmm i don't understand this? I totally agree the maths has done very well in describing the problem, but "evolving from observation"... By it's definition we cannot observe dark matter with the observing technology we currently have. Maybe you mean we "observed the rotation problem, when then observed some QFT, but then employed some of the highly theoretical components as a solution. To say Dark Matter evolved from "observations" is well just being a little short on the story with laymans.
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From a celestial mechanics perspective read "dark matter=unobserved matter".
While dark matter cannot be directly observed it's effects on stars can be detected as a deviation of the Keplerian orbits of the stars around the galactic centre.
Hence dark matter is this context has originated from celestial mechanics using Newtionian theory of gravity.
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Dark Matter is clearly hypothetical or now wiki calls it a "conjectured form" of matter.
A conjecture is a proposition that is unproven but appears correct and has not been disproven. Karl Popper pioneered the use of the term "conjecture" in scientific philosophy. Conjecture is contrasted by hypothesis (hence theory, axiom, principle), which is a testable statement based on accepted grounds. In mathematics, a conjecture is an unproven proposition or theorem that appears correct.
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Dark matter is definitely not a conjecture in the mathematical sense, but a hypothesis that is testable. This is a direct consequence of it's derivation from an existing theory.
Once again I refer to the Neptune example.
Also note that dark matter detectors do exist with the possibility that dark matter has been detected.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogen..._Matter_Search
The irony is that variable gravity theories which remove this "conjecture of dark matter" are themselves unfalsifiable.
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The vast majority of the dark matter in the universe is believed to be nonbaryonic, which means that it contains no atoms and does not interact with ordinary matter via electromagnetic forces. The nonbaryonic dark matter includes neutrinos, and possibly hypothetical entities such as axions, or supersymmetric particles.
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This doesn't define new physics. It's defining dark matter through QFT.
On the subject of hypothetical entities, many particles such as quarks, and the Z and W bosons were hypothetical entities 40 years ago. Theory determined their properties which allowed experimental verification to occur.
Hypotheticals are simply not made up to keep existing theories afloat.
Regards
Steven