I own a 10" GSO and a 12" custom built dob. I never compared them side by side (try taking BOTH a 10 and 12 outside - then back inside, in one hit for a workout)!!!
But some differences I've noted, Jupiter shows more detail and is "smoother" in the 12", faint planetaries show more detail, and the 12" inch has the edge over the 10 on faint galaxies and galaxy clusters. The most obvious difference I've found is on the Homunculus Nebula. The 12" shows a surprisingly more intricate complex when compared to the 10".
The difference is barely noticable on brighter/larger targets like open clusters, large bright nebulae and starclouds.
I think where a 12" will really shine over the 10" is when hunting targets at the threshold of vision. For brighter/larger targets, the difference is negligable.
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