You cannot (for practical purpose) regulate voltage output from 13.8V battery to 12V. Such a regulators require at least 0.5V difference between input and output and would considerably reduce your battery capacity.
Damage to the mounts electronics is in most of cases done by reversing polarity or by using unregulated 240 to 12 Volts power supplies. You can protect your mount against accidental reversing polarity by wiring 3A diode (IN5404) in series in the lead that plugs in your mount. It will cause about 0.7V drop in voltage supplied to your mount when slewing, but if you accidentally connect your battery wrong way around - nothing will happen – no damage to electronics.
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