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It could very well happen. The problem with the warming of the planet is that there is an overall rise in precipitation and that is the big bugbear. The Atlantic Conveyor which brings warm water to the European coast fails because there's an influx of fresh water in the upper levels of the ocean. This prevents the warm, salty water of the conveyor from sinking down to the cold abyssal deep flow and returning to the Southern Ocean. The diluted ocean water stays at the surface and begins to cool. The flow slows down to a stop and no warm water reaches Europe, hence the continent begins to cool and harsh winters set in. If it continues for too long, you start to get an overall cooling of the planet and a possible ice age sets in. You'd think all the CO2 being dumped into the atmosphere would prevent this from happening but the catch is the CO2 is the main driving force to the cooling. If you look at the CO2 levels in pre-ice age ice cores from Antarctica and the isotope ratios present in ancient lake sediment cores, the amount of CO2 was high beforehand and the C isotope was heavy C13, but when the planet began to cool, the isotope C12 became more prevalent in the cores cf. C13 and atmospheric CO2 dropped dramatically. The optimum temp at which CO2 is absorbed by ocean water is around 16 degrees celcius, which is several degrees cooler than present ocean water average temperatures and once the CO2 dropped below a critical level, this created the conditions to drive further cooling. Along with the build up of the ice, increasing the planet's overall albedo. Also, the cooling began a drying of the planet overall, but especially in the mid latitudes and this caused an increase in atmospheric dust (due to an increase of windy conditions) ... further cooling the planet. It basically becomes a vicious cycle of cause and effect, until something breaks the cycle.
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