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Ash, Jeff,
I'm not certain what Ash's scope is, so I'll target this towards Jeff's equipment and hopefully some of it will be valid in Ash's case.
Those three objects are really too large to recognise as galaxies through your 10". You would be better off trying to find one that is fairly bright, but only about 1/5 to 1/10 of your field of view. Think about why the globs are easy to find, and you will realise why something a few degrees across doesn't show up in your eyepiece - you can't take in enough of the gradient to realise it is there. I spent years at too high a power trying to spot M31 in my old refractor for exactly this reason. Binoculars and naked eye will work better for those three.
I'd be tempted to suggest something like NGC 253 (currently too near the horizon at sunset) or NGC 5128(Centaurus A) as good candidates for the for anything 6" and up from a city. Centaurus A is not too far from Omega Centauri. M83 may be another good candidate in that same general area. Another suggestion visible right now is NGC 3115, although I have not observed this one myself so can't vouch for how easy it is to find.
My first telescopically observed southern galaxy was Centaurus A, through a 10" SCT. My first telescopically observed northern galaxy was M81, through an 8" SCT in the middle of a city. It was much, much dimmer and smaller than M31, but the size itself is what made it stand out. There are a lot of galaxies within reach of your scope, once you get a feel for what you are looking for.
Regards,
Eric
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