I'd go with yellow if it will be exposed to daylight, as it will reflect the heat better, assuming the black case is black through the far infra-red. I can stick a black and a yellow one in the sun (maybe) tomorrow for a while and measure the temperature rise, if you are interested.
Theoretically the black case will cool off faster at night, though, which I've had cause dew on the outside of my black eyepiece case before. The pick and pluck foam is likely a very good insulator, though, so quicker cooling of the case is likely to not result in the contents cooling by much.
Ultimately I think yellow is the best bet for visibility and lowest heat absorption, but that visibility may sometimes be undesirable, such as when it is in the back of your car. If it can keep someone from tripping over it into your scope at a star party, it is likely worth the trade-off.
edit: I should note I've had a couple 1550s, a 1600, a 1650, and several smaller cases, and loved them all. I can't fault Pelican much except for how expensive they are as an import due to shipping costs. My 1650 cost me under $200 USD! Great candidate as excess baggage on a business trip.
Eric
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