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1. the speed of light is not arbitary, it is calculated from 2 emperical parameters of the physical universe.
2. special relativity tells us the mass of any object approaches infinity as it approaches the speed of light. For this reason, you can never produce enough force to accelerate something to the speed of light.
3. Gravity of an apple is felt even infinitly far away. It just it ceases to become significant infinitly far away, or just a little away.
4. scientific theories are never proven, they are only not-wrong-yet.
5. a blackhole isn't a distortion in space time which is infinite, it is merely strong enough that light can not escape. The size of a blackhole, commonly defined as the event-horizon, the point of no-return, depends on its mass. Gravitationally speaking, outside the event horizon, a blackhole is identical to a non-blackhole of the same mass.
6. Gravity of visible matter, blackhole and all visible matter, can not hold galaxies together. I have observed the velocities of hydrogen clouds in our galaxy - it does NOT exhibit the correct linear velocity profile. There is something thats holding galaxies together, and its nothing we can detect so far.
7. "Proof" for blackhole is more than merely observation of the centre of galaxies. We have observed a single instance of gravitational lensing caused by a blackhole - where a blackhole was observed to pass between us and a star.
8. The limit of blackhole, from what I understand from the link you are given, is that they ate all the surrounding material. Given an even distribution of matter, it is possible to create a localised vaccum if you took all the matter in a localised region, because the effect of gravity is inverse squared. Whether this is a real limit, I don't know - I have not came across it until now.
9. There is great support for big bang theory, and great evidence against steady state. That is not to say big bang is right, merely observations are well explained by it.
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