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Old 13-09-2024, 04:44 AM
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glenc (Glen)
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James Dunlop’s descriptions of his 50 galaxies.

Steve Gottlieb's NGC/IC Notes on Dunlop's galaxies are as follows
http://adventuresindeepspace.com/steve.ngc.htm

NGC 55
James Dunlop discovered NGC 55 = D 507 = h2315 on 7 Jul 1826 from Parramatta, New South Wales. Using his 9-inch f/12 speculum reflector, he described it as "a beautiful long nebula, about 25' in length; position N.p. and S.f., a little brighter towards the middle, but extremely faint and diluted to the extremities. I see several minute points or stars in it, as it were through the nebula: the nebulous matter of the south extremity is extremely rare, and of a delicate bluish hue. This is a beautiful object." Dunlop observed the galaxy on 4 nights and made a simple sketch (Figure 21).

NGC 134
James Dunlop discovered NGC 134 = D 599 = D 590 = h2327 with his 9" reflector on 7 Jul 1826. His description for D 599 reads "very faint nebula, about 25" diameter, rather elliptical. North of Eta Caelae Sculptoris. There are four small stars south of the nebula in the form of a lozenge." His position is 22' NNW of the galaxy but the description of the four nearby stars to the south clinches the identification. For D 590 he logged (handwritten notes), "a very faint round nebula, about 2' diameter, rather brighter in the middle, il defined. South following Eta Sculptoris."

NGC 300
James Dunlop discovered NGC 300 = D 530 = h2359 on 5 Aug 1826 with his 9" speculum reflector. Based on 3 observation he described "a pretty large faint nebula, irregular round figure, 6' or 7' diameter, easily resolvable into exceedingly minute stars, with four or five stars of more considerable magnitude; slight compression of stars to the centre." There are several superimposed Milky Way stars. In his first observation, he noted "a pretty bright small star south of it [probably mag 8.7 HD 5229] - and two or three minute stars north, and following involved in the nebula."

NGC 625
James Dunlop discovered NGC 625 = D 479 = h2426 on 2 Sep 1826 with his 9" reflector and described "a very faint nebula, of a round figure, with two or three minute stars in it near the meridian". His single position is ~8' too far E. John Herschel logged on 5 Sep 1834, "B, pL, mE, nearly in the parallel; pretty much brighter middle." On a second sweep on 4 Dec 1836 he called it "B, mE, gradually brighter in the middle, 80"." The next night he logged the galaxy again as "B, L, mE, gradually brighter in the middle, 1.25' long."

NGC 986
James Dunlop discovered NGC 986 = D 519 = h2487 on 5 Aug 1826 with his 9" reflector at Parramatta (near Sydney) and described "a faint nebula, of an irregular round figure, about 30" diameter, north of a bright small star." His single position is 9' SE of NGC 986 (typical error) and there are no other nearby brighter galaxies that he might have been picked up instead.

NGC 1291
James Dunlop discovered NGC 1291 = D 487 = h2521 on 2 Sep 1826 with his 9" reflector at Parramatta and recorded "a pretty bright round nebula, about 1.5' diameter, very bright and condensed to the centre, and very faint at the margin; with a very small star about 1' north, but not involved.". His single position was 4' too far ESE. Probably due to a clerical error, John Herschel included two entries for this galaxy in his Cape Catalogue from his observation on 1 Nov 1836 - namely, h2521 (later NGC 1291) and h2518 (later NGC 1269). The RA for h2518 was 2.6 minutes of time too small, though otherwise the two entries are essentially identical and neither he nor Dreyer caught the error. In 1901 Robert Innes was unable to find NGC 1269 with the 7" refractor at Cape Town and first suggested it was identical to NGC 1291.

NGC 1313
James Dunlop discovered NGC 1313 = D 206 = D 207 = D 205? = h2528 on 27 Sep 1826. He described D 207 as "a faint ill defined nebula about 1 1/2' diameter, round figure, a very minute star south slightly involved in the margin - a bright star about 20' south of the nebula." His reduced position was 13' too far east but the declination was incorrectly transcribed, so his published position was off by 30'. D 206 was described as "a faint ill-defined nebula, rather extended in the direction of the meridian [N-S], with several exceedingly minute stars in it." Finally D 205 was placed 1.4° too far west and 10' small, but the description fits: "a very faint small nebula, north following a pretty bright star [mag 8.7 HD 20533]; a very minute star is between the bright star and the nebula [mag 10 SAO 248769]."

NGC 1316
James Dunlop discovered NGC 1316 = D 548 = h2527, along with NGC 1317, on 2 Sep 1826. He described "a rather bright, round nebula, about 1.5' diameter, gradually condensed to the centre." On 24 Nov 1826, he noted "a group of pretty bright small stars following, which matches NGC 1316. Dunlop discovered six members of the Fornax cluster, though most (15) were found by John Herschel.

NGC 1317
James Dunlop discovered NGC 1317 = D 547 = h2529, along with NGC 1316, on 2 Sep 1826 with his 9" reflector from Parramatta. He described "a small faint round nebula about 15 arcseconds in diameter." and his position is ~15' too far ENE. John Herschel first observed the galaxy on 22 Oct 1835 and noted "pB, S, R, pretty suddenly brighter in the middle." His second sweep he recorded it as "pB, pL, 1' diameter; a miniature of the last neb. of this sweep." Julius Schmidt independently found the galaxy on 19 Jan 1865 and thought it was new, because JH made an typo of 20 degrees in NPD for h2529 in the CGH catalogue. JH corrected the NPD in the addendum of the catalogue, but apparently Schmidt didn't check.

NGC 1350
James Dunlop discovered NGC 1350 = D 591 = h2545 on 24 Nov 1826 with his 9" reflector from Parramatta, NSW. He noted (single observation) "a very faint small ill-defined nebula, south-following [preceding] a small star." He probably was referring to the mag 7.2 star 6' NE. His position was fairly poor, nearly 15' to the SE.

NGC 1365
James Dunlop discovered NGC 1365 = D 562 = h2552 on 2 Sep 1826. He described "a pretty large faint round nebula, about 3 1/2' diameter, gradual slight condensation to the centre, very faint at the margin." He made two observations but his published RA was off by a full 10 minutes of time. His handwritten notebook positions are only 9' E and 9' SE, so he clearly made a transcription error (of 3 minutes in time) in his catalogue. As a result, Dunlop wasn't credited with the discovery in the GC or NGC.

NGC 1380
James Dunlop discovered NGC 1380 = D 574 = h2559 on 2 Sep 1826 with his 9" reflector at Parramatta. He recorded "a rather faint pretty well-defined elliptical nebula, about 1' long, and 50" broad, a little brighter to the centre." His single position was well off, 19.5' too far ESE, but this is brightest single galaxy he likely picked up. John Herschel also made a single observation on sweep 635 (19 Oct 1835) and logged, "very bright; large; round; pretty suddenly brighter towards the middle; A fine nebula." He added: "The obs. of the place like that of Dunlop 591 above was lost by setting the instrument on the place given in Mr Dunlop's Catalogue, and relying on his RA (3h 31m) which is too great, instead of sweeping over them, when they could not have escaped being regularly taken." In 1865 Julius Schmidt measured a more accurate position with the 6.2" refractor at the Athens Observatory.

NGC 1433
James Dunlop discovered NGC 1433 = D 426 = h2580 on 28 Sep 1826. His description (based on two observations) reads "a very faint nebula, about 1' diameter, rather elliptical in the parallel of the equator; with a brightish point or condensation of the nebulous matter, a little to the preceding side of the centre."

NGC 1483, mag 12.3, diam 2’
James Dunlop found D 428 on 2 Sep 1826 and described it as "An extremely faint ill-defined small nebula. A pretty large nebula (D 427) precedes this." Despite Herschel's comments below Dunlop's position lands very close to NGC 1483 and his position for NGC 1493, only 1.5° NNE and discovered the same night (perhaps immediately afterwards), is also an excellent match! So, perhaps Dunlop was first to discover NGC 1483. Of course, this implies D 427 is a spurious observation, as there's only a single galaxy here.

John Herschel described NGC 1483 = h2595 on 14 Dec 1835 as "pretty faint; round; very little brighter in the middle; 20". (Newly polished mirror, but the sky dull and haze forming; so that this may very possibly be Dunlop 428.)". His second observation reads "very faint; pretty large; round; very gradually a little brighter in the middle; 80" across. I feel convinced that this nebula is too faint to have been seen by Mr Dunlop. Put on the 9 inch aperture, could not discern the least trace of it. Mirror polished yesterday and in high beauty. Sky superb."

NGC 1487
James Dunlop discovered NGC 1487 = D 480 = h2597 on 29 Oct 1826. He described "a very faint ill-defined nebula, with two or three very small stars in it, and a small star following." There is nothing at his published position, but 83 seconds of RA west is the interacting system VV 78 = PGC 14117 and the description fits. Glen Cozens states this is probably the faintest galaxy that Dunlop discovered (V = 11.9).

NGC 1493
James Dunlop discovered NGC 1493 = D 438 = h2600 with his 9-inch reflector on 2 Sep 1826 and described "a very faint nebula, about 1' diameter, round figure". JH first logged it on 14 Dec 1835 and noted "F, vL, R, very gradually little brighter middle, 3'; sky dull, a haze forming." On a second sweep he was critical of Dunlop's discovery and commented "faint; large; round; very gradually a little brighter in the middle; 2.5' across. With 9" aperture, and a mirror newly polished yesterday, and in high beauty, it is barely possible to discern with the utmost attention that this nebula exists; but to have discovered it with that aperture and power 180 would have been quite out of the question; possibly, however, 90 might show it better." Despite Herschel's skepticism, Dunlop's position is unusually accurate. ______
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