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From what I hear there are 3 stages.
1. The Arctic ice cap melts in summer and stops reflecting sunlight causing temperatures to rise.
2. Greenland's ice cap melts due to the rising temperatures causing a rise in sea level of up to 7m.
3. The Antarctic ice cap melts causing sea levels to rise another 7m.
Ocean ice melting does not cause a rise in sea level, but ice melting off the land does.
Some say that US government estmates on the time it will take have been increased by the coal and oil industry.
Ice cores from Antarctica give us a long history of temperature and CO2 levels.
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