It's fascinating what you got out by really pushing that image, Greg, much more than we expect. The extended SMC arm that Annette mentioned is actually debris from the more recent (500 Myr ago) sideswipe interaction between the LMC and SMC. This stream is a gas bridge, out of which the long stream of new HII and star clusters between the two galaxies originated. The LMC didn't come out of it terribly well, either: it lost an entire arm & is today a one-arm galaxy – which is why the upper quadrant of the LMC is such a fulminous place while the bottom half is so barren. The ancient and younger populations in the LMC's bar were jarred loose from each other; the younger population (~6 Gyr old) now lofts about 3,000 light years above the ancient population and tilts upward toward the Tarantula Nebula region at an 8° angle. There was an earlier encounter 2.3 Gyr ago in which the SMC was tidally stripped of a large number of then-middle age stars, which now for a second "red giants" bridge beneath the young gaseous bridge visible in your image.
The angular spike rising to the r. of the LMC is indeed a dust filament in our own galaxy, extending out into the halo about 300 lyr below the MW disc. It is a very enigmatic structure. I've taken to calling it the "Chameleon Spike" because it emanates from the same Galactic cirrus structure that gives us "Magellan's Ghost" (as Annette astutely pointed out). I enlarged your image and noticed that the 3 faint clumps descending from the LMC toward Apus are the three ultra-faint dust features called "Magellan's Ghost". They seemed a bit reddish to my eye. Your image is the first I've seen to clearly show the underlying dust structure shared by the two features.
The Chameleon Spike is truly enigmatic. See this
Google Drive image – it's an image of the magnetic fields in the same area your image covers, though rotated quite a bit clockwise. The patch of brownish blobs in the centre is the LMC. The magnetic flow lines reveal the Spike to be a completely inexplicable eruption out of the low-intensity Galactic ambient field that rotates with the arms. When there are magnetic field lines of this density there is a lot of electron flow, and those electrons carry dust with them – that's the dust in the ascending filament that your image captures. The Spike is a really mystifying feature that shows up in every electromagnetic band from gamma all the way down to sub-mm but is quiet in the optical and radio. All the hydrogen and dust bands vividly trace it, so it is a thermally hot feature. Why it should suddenly erupt out of the Galaxy from such a quiet locale is a mystery. I haven't found any papers in the professional papers that study it.
So back to your shot, Greg, you really packed a lot into your 58 30-sec shots at 35mm f/1.4. Kudos!
=Dana in S Africa