Another way would be to setup a dedicated computer for this purpose only which would protect anything you have on your main computer as you would not need it.
Then you would install all the programs you need for your astro stuff.
Then you can use the Windows group policy editor to only allow certain applications to run in Windows. Easier to setup and understand than setting up a VM.
When the remote user logs in, they will only be able to run the programs you have allowed.
See vid with a basic demo:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jOxEPalTaHw
Then use Teamviewer or a similar program for remote login.
Not sure who you want to login, but with all the other suggestions, you would not want public access for obvious reasons.
What you want is very technical to setup and requires a lot of compatibility between programs which is fine if you are computer savvy or a nightmare if you are not.
Also not knowing in detail of all your requirements can usually only get a generic approach.
You could also contact the people at iTelescope who do all kinds of remote sessions to access their telescopes and ask them how they do it. Anyone can sign up for their services.
Cheers,
Damien.