The only method I've seen for doing this which is based on Physics is the B3E (Ballesteros Blackbody Estimator) process in PixInsight. The maths is described in this paper:
http://iopscience.iop.org/0295-5075/97/3/34008
I know you asked about Photoshop, but I think it's unlikely that such a thing exists because this is not a generic image processing function.
Cheers,
Rick.