glad you got it rolling again.
to balance the scales: I don't think there is a hard drive issue you need to worry about.
power outage corrupted important files is my guess.
The message "Secure Boot isn't Configured Correctly" message goes away once you installed all the Windows updates.
Specifically this one
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2902864
Very good you backed up all your files, now.
You might want to think of a way to do that regularly from now on.
Some easy way you can actually follow through without feeling overwhelmed by the task.
Maybe open a new thread for this project? Could help others, too.