It depends on what the drive is.
If the drive is an external USB drive then it is quite possible that just the USB side of things has died. The actual hard drive that is in the guts of it is separate and may be quite fine.
If this is the sort of drive you have, head down to jaycar or equivalent and get a USB to SATA connector. Pull apart your USB drive (gently) and plug it in and see what happens. To me this sounds like the situation you're in and there's definitely hope.
That's one option. The other option is specialist data recovery. Expect to pay many hundreds.
That's the first part. The second is this:
I've worked in IT for 12 years now and the overriding factor with backups is avoiding "Single point of failure".
A single point of failure is the the point where one thing can die and the whole system fails. An example is the engine in car: if that breaks, nothing works. Another example is the light bulb in a single bulb light: if it breaks, nothing works.
The point of backups is avoiding that single point of failure. The first thing you do is you *copy* the data to an external drive. You now have data in two places. A common mistake (and what it unfortunately seems like you've done here) is to move the data from one hard drive to the other. That achieves very little, as you've regrettably discovered. Most people learn this lesson the hard way to varying degrees, myself included.
Let's go back to our example. You've now got a USB drive plugged into your computer and both it and your main hard drive have the data. Safe? No. What if a power surge comes down and fries your hard drive and the connected USB drive? It can happen. Ok, so you unplug it. Safe now right?
Well, that depends. What if you have a house fire? All the data is stored in one place still and a single fire will take it all out. Now you can argue I'm going a bit far here and maybe I am, but how far you take this exercise depends on how much you care about your data. If it is music, fine, two locations in your house is fine. If it is your thesis which you've worked on for 9 years, then probably not. I know of a new story sometime back where that exact situation happened and he lost his thesis.
At home, I've got hourly writes to an external hard drive which is rotated with an offsite location once a week. I lose a week's worth of data. I still do have a single point of failure though: if someone nukes East Maitland then they'll take out both copies, but, I think at that point I won't care much about my files
I was taught something in my flight training which I think is very relevant: "Don't be surprised if the engine stops, just disappointed". Same thing with IT unfortunately.