Viewing Mars through colour filters is very useful for identifying transient features like dust storms, clouds and hazes.
A red filter completely eliminates atmospheric hazes and reveals albedo features and dust, while a deep blue is like magic in making the albedo features disappear revealing all the atmospherics. Orange is best for seeing dust activity.
I never tried filters on small scopes though and I don't think small scopes are very useful for planetary observing anyway.
On my 16" planetary I can use the same interference filters that I use for imaging but in the past I used colour glass filters that worked just as well and are a lot cheaper.
Saturn has low surface brightness so I don't think filters would be very useful and I have not tried Jupiter.
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