In astronomy you pretty much cannot get a job without having a PhD, even then there isn't a lot of job going around unless you're in radio astronomy of which Australia is one of the world leaders.
With the way it currently is in Australia, scientists spend a good portion of their time just writing grant applications (every 1-3 years) so that they can continue their research. It is a really inefficient way of running the scientific community, tens of thousands of hours are wasted every year just in red tape so that research and continue.
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