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The Transistor and Integrated Circuit ?
You list Turing for the computer - but what of Babbages 1834 designed mechanical "Analytical Engine".
They only built a small working prototype and not the complete computer but I wonder if his many publications and references did not stimulate Turing and others.
His other device the Difference Engine was also developed and made by others
It had Input (punched cards), output (printer and typesetting), read write memory of 50 digit numbers, a bus where variables could be copied, shuffled between processor and memory and printer, it had sequential and conditional program branching, variables and a processing unit (he called it the Mill) and sub processors !
And all of that designed in 1834 !
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