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Lindon,
I recommend that you purchase the 'Z' shaped porro prism binoculars. The straight through binoculars are not so well suited to Astronomy, unless U pay a much higher price.
Since U plan to use them mainly for terrestrial viewing, I suggest 8X40 as being a good all-round binocular. However, anything from 8 to 10 magnification would be suitable and anything from 30mm to 50mm front objectives would also suit. (30mm is less useful for astronomy, 50mm is most useful, but the smaller sizes are less expensive and IMHO give a richer texture when terrestrial viewing- maybe because they are better colour corrected at around F4 than larger sized objectives).
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