I'll try (someone should confirm/ellaborate, i'm a newbie)
The eyepieces are what performs the magnification. Magnification = focal length / eyepiece diameter.
The lunar filter attaches to the eyepieces do reduce brightness, which is good when looking at the moon. Don't try to look at the sun with it though, under any circumstances. You need a proper solar filter that attaches to the front of the telescope (and i still wouldn't bother).
The 2x barlow goes between the telescope and the eyepiece, and doubles magnification.
The erecting lens flips the image around so it's correctly oriented. Most useful when looking at stuff on earth. I guess it magnifies x3 too. This is the one i'm the least clear on.
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