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Originally Posted by Merlin66
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It's called diffraction. Light itself doesn't do anything by itself - it requires to encounter an aperture.
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2. All stars great and small produce the same linear diameter Airy disk for the same f ratio ie a 50mm f5 and a 500mm f5 produce the same sized Airy disk.
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Stars don't produce an Airy disk, the Airy disk (re)produces the stars. The Airy Disk is a point spread function. A function light has to go through before it appears on the imaging plane.
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The limitations are not due to the Airy disk but the receptors ability to resolve and record the disk ( and the outlying pattern)
When you analyse a short exposure image, the star is still the Airy disk in diameter but with a much lower peak intensity. (See Star #4)
A brighter star (or more exposed star) has the same Airy disk diameter but a higher peak intensity (See Star #2)
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Until you overexpose and the first few rings fill up (if you can even dissolve the rings at your particular magnification).
Like I said, I don't know what else I can say or do to explain better to you why stars seem to grow. You seem to have drawn your own (erroneous) conclusions, yet wonder why they don't fit reality. I think it's time I give up.
All the best,