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Indeed. It is performed by comparison typically to a parent primary or secondary colour. This is actually what monitor calibration is doing. As your monitor outputs red, green and blue on the screen (usually midtone shades), the calibration puck hardware is measuring the numerical values of the each colour and adjusting it to match the desired colour space. Comparison against reference colour space is key to accuracy. All monitors generally calibrate well. When typically done in software its 8bit calibration. More advanced or dedicated graphics monitors perform the calibration in hardware providing 10bit to 16bit calibration suited for larger colour spaces such as aRGB.
With today's monitor technologies I don't think you can go wrong. Comes down to your goals and budget.
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