Ok, you've got your mount tweaked, the optics are collimated, you have a short focal length eyepiece - what can you see in the planets with a 10" scope?
A hell of a lot!!!
The Hubble scope it may not be, but a 10" scope, and for that matter an 8" scope too, can show an amazing amount of detail, to a patient eye:
The polar caps and soft wispy clouds on Mars.
Masses of bands of clouds, dark and light, on Jupiter, the Great Red Spot, and the transit of the shadows of the Galilean Moons across Jupiter's face.
Not just the rings around Saturn, but also the distinct main ring bands with subtle shading within each band, the Cassini Division which is a gap in the rings nearly 1000km wider than the size of Australia east-west, the dramatic difference in the shading of the bands in Saturn's clouds, and the shadow of the body of Saturn cast back across the rings which will become increasingly more pronounced over the next few months.
A wee small greenish-blue disc of Uranus, and a tiny spec of Neptune whose blue colour is much to intense to be a star.
The changing phases of Venus - nothing much more as it is cloud covered.
Mercury, barely a yellowish tiny disc.
Like a bit info and cheats on viewing the Moon and planets? Have a look at this thread of mine:
Observing the Moon and Planets - the good juice and cheats
The sketch of Jupiter below was done using an 8" SCT, and the one of Saturn an 8" f/4 dob.
Alex.